About the Project

VAI A ‘IL PROGETTO’ IN ITALIANO

project

Crowd-researching the mysterious fate of King Edward II of England

Was King Edward II really murdered in Berkeley Castle in England in 1327? Or did he, as some historians claim, escape to live as a hermit in the Apennines of Pavia, Italy?

The First Tomb of King Edward II of England?

This is the mystery of an English king’s fate.

And this is a mystery that has plagued people in the Province of Pavia, Lombardy, for many years. Like many others in the area, my colleague, Maria Rosa, remembers her uncle telling her the story of an English King living among the beautiful wine-hills south of the city when she was a little girl. And now, as an adopted son of the Province, this mystery has come to my attention, too. That’s why I’m writing this blog. That’s why, with the rest of the team at Il Mondo di Tels and with dozens of other people from different countries on different continents, I’m playing my part in the Auramala Project.

Ivan Fowler.

The Auramala Project aims to do three things in three phases: 1) bring the mystery of Edward II’s fate to the attention if the wider public by publishing the historical novel ‘Auramala’, about Edward II’s ‘second life’; 2) thoroughly investigate the archives in Northern Italy, to look for further documents that may reveal more about what happened; 3) carry out DNA typing on the remains currently thought to belong to Edward II in order to see whether they belong to Edward II or not.

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2016-12-06-17-09-47Phase 1 – The novel
Auramala as a catalyst for research

Edward. Il mistero del re di Auramala is not just a great read. It is also a way to attract broad-spectrum public attention to the case of Edward II, thereby involving scientists, historians and lay people alike in a cross-disciplinary crowd-researching project aimed at shedding new light on this issue. In fact, the most notable aspect of the Auramala Project is the way in which members of the public are invited to participate in the solution of the mystery. The last page of the novel Edward. Il mistero del re di Auramala is an invitation to readers to check their ancestry and take part in Phase 3, the genetic approach (see below). The novel was released on June 21st, 2016, by Edizioni Piemme.


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  Phase 2 – The Historical Approach

  Historical archives dating back to the age of Edward II exist in Italy which may offer new insights into the case. Until now, research has focused on documents available to British based researchers, and on the famous Fieschi Letter (see The Mystery of Edward II). Archives in Northern Italy have not yet been examined with the intention of finding confirmation or negation of his presence there. The archives that have proved most revealing for the purposes of this research include: the Archivio Diocesano di Vercelli, where the author of the Fieschi Letter became bishop later in life; the Archives Départementales de l’Herault (Montpellier), the State Archives of Turin and Milan; the Malaspina archives of Godiasco, Varzi e Mulazzo; the Archivio Storico Diocesano di Genoa and the Archivio Generale Arcivescovile di Bologna, the Biblioteca Universitaria in Pavia and the Biblioteca Berio in Genoa. Together with the search for hitherto unknown documents, The Auramala Project has made use of historical editions of the English royal roll and the Imperial and Papal registers of the time, in order to carry out a thorough cross-examination of the various sources.

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Phase 3 – The Genetic Approach
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indelibly traces the line from mothers to their children in direct descent. The pool of direct heirs of Edward II’s mother (whose mtDNA is therefore identical to the king’s own mtDNA) can be surveyed in order to carry out genetic comparisons with the mtDNA of the remains believed to be those of Edward II, to confirm which of the two tombs, that of Gloucester, or that of Sant’Alberto di Butrio, is the true tomb of Edward II.

All of us can seize the chance to participate in the project, and look for Edward II’s mother, Eleanor of Castile, in our ancestry. Descendants are likely to be found not only in England, but also in the USA, Canada, South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, and quite possibly in France and other European nations and their ex colonies. Any of us may unexpectedly discover Edward II in our ancestry! Look at the posts in the Phase 3 category, or follow us on Facebook, for updates on historical women who descended from Eleanor of Castile. If they are also in your family tree, there is a chance that you carry the mtDNA we are looking for! (See also the Phase 3 blog post, DNA: Getting to the bottom of it all.)

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Re Edoardo II è stato davvero ucciso nel castello di Berkeley, in Inghilterra, nel 1327?
O, come qualche documento storico dichiara, è scappato per vivere da eremita negli Appenini di Pavia?

Questo è il mistero del destino di un re inglese.

E questo è un mistero che ha assillato la popolazione nella provincia di Pavia, in Lombardia, per molti anni. La mia collega, Maria Rosa, come del resto tanti altri in quest’area, ricorda che quando era ancora bambina, suo zio le raccontava la storia di un re inglese che viveva tra le splendide colline. Ed ora, in quanto figlio adottivo della provincia pavese, questo mistero ha catturato anche la mia attenzione. Ed è proprio per questo che sto scrivendo questo blog e che col resto della squadra del Mondo di Tels, sto facendo la mia parte in The Auramala Project.

Ivan Fowler.

L’Auramala Project si prefissa tre obiettivi in tre fasi: 1) portare all’attenzione di un vasto pubblico il mistero sulla fine di Edoardo II pubblicando il romanzo storico Edward. Il mistero del re di Auramala sulla “seconda vita” di Edoardo II; 2) studiare gli archivi del Nord Italia alla ricerca di ulteriori documenti che possano fare nuova luce sulla sorte del re; 3) estrarre DNA dei resti che fino ad ora si pensava appartenessero a Edoardo II in modo da poter definitivamente identificare il vero luogo di sepoltura del re.

Fase 1- Il romanzo Edward. Il mistero del re di Auramala come stimolo per la ricerca

Edward. Il mistero del re di Auramala non è soltanto un’eccezionale lettura. E’ anche un modo per portare la vicenda di Edoardo II all’attenzione del grande pubblico, coinvolgendo in questo modo scienziati, storici e allo stesso modo qualsiasi altra persona profana in questo campo in un progetto di ricerca incrociata tra tutte le aree disciplinari, allo scopo di accendere nuove luci in merito. In effetti, l’aspetto più interessante di The Auramala Project è il modo in cui il pubblico viene coinvolto nella soluzione del mistero. L’ultima pagina di Edward. Il mistero del re di Auramala è un invito ai lettori a controllare le proprie origini e prendere parte alla Fase 3-L’ approccio genetico (vedi sotto). Il romanzo uscirà il 21 giugno 2016, a cura di Edizioni Piemme. Controllate sempre il nostro blog per aggiornamenti!

Fase 2 – L’ approccio Storico

In Italia si possono trovare archivi storici che già erano presenti al tempo di Edoardo II, e questo può offrire nuovi spunti sul caso. Finora, gli storici che si sono occupati di questo argomento si sono limitati ai documenti a disposizione dei ricercatori britannici, e sulla celebre Lettera Fieschi (vedi Il Mistero di Edoardo II). Gli archivi del Nord Italia non erano ancora stati esaminati con lo scopo di individuare prove della presenza o meno del re qui in Italia. Gli archivi che si sono mostrati maggiormente utili per le finalità di questa ricerca sono: l’Archivio Diocesano di Vercelli, dove l’autore della Lettera Fieschi divenne vescovo in età avanzata; gli Archives Départementales de l’Herault (Montpellier), gli Archivi di Stato di Torino e Milano; gli archivi Malaspina di Godiasco, Varzi e Mulazzo; e l’Archivio Storico Diocesano di Genoa e l’Archivio Generale Arcivescovile di Bologna, la Biblioteca Universitaria di Pavia, e la Biblioteca Berio di Genova. Oltre alla ricerca e studio di documenti inediti, il progetto si è avvalso di edizioni storiche dei registri reali, imperiali e papali dell’epoca per effettuare l’esame incrociato delle varie fonti.

Fase 3- L’approccio Genetico

Il DNA Mitocondriale (mtDNA) traccia in modo indelebile la linea materna (di madre in figlia) in diretta discendenza. L’insieme di tutti gli eredi diretti della madre di Edoardo II (il cui mtDNA è tra l’altro identico all’mtDNA del re stesso) può essere esaminato in modo da poterlo confrontare geneticamente col mtDNA dei resti che si pensa appartengano a Edoardo II, stabilendo in modo definitivo quale delle due tombe ritenute sue, in Italia oppure in Inghilterra, sia quella vera.
Tutti hanno la possibilità di partecipare a questo progetto, e cercare la madre di Edoardo II nel proprio albero genealogico. I discendenti potrebbero essere trovati non solamente in Inghilterra, ma anche negli Stati Uniti, in Canada, in Sud Africa, in India, in Australia, in Nuova Zelanda e probabilmente anche in Francia, oppure in altri stati Europei e nelle loro ex colonie. Ognuno di noi potrebbe sorprendersi a trovare Edoardo II nella propria stirpe! (vedi il post Fase 3, DNA: arrivare fino in fondo)

24 thoughts on “About the Project

  1. I am researching an English medieval astrolabe, made for use in northern Italy and with an Edward III connection. Can we correspond directly?

  2. When does the “Auramala Project” plan to take a DNA sample from the remains in Edward II tomb in Gloucester Cathederal >

    1. Hello Mr Jordan, I’m very sorry for not getting back to you sooner. At the moment we have no plans for taking a DNA sample from the remains in Edward II’s tomb in Gloucester Cathedral, an awful lot of work needs to be done before getting to that point. First and foremost, we have to find living descendants with whom to compare the DNA extracted. I also wish to reiterate that we are looking for a way to solve this conundrum without disturbing the tomb at all, which is a rare example of an undisturbed medieval tomb, not to mention an artistic marvel, and it would be extremely inadvisable, if not unethical, to disturb it. Solutions will come! Thank you very much for your question.

      1. It is documented that the Tomb of Edward II has been opened twice, once during the reign of King James II of England and again in the 1850s. I work as a volunteer at Gloucester Cathedral Library and I have spoken to my colleague Rebecca, the archivist, about this and she assures me there are documents in the library referring to the opening of the tomb.
        I took some of the photographs used by Kathryn in her latest book, Long Live the King.

      2. Hello Craig, thanks for this. Absolutely, the tomb in Gloucester has been opened twice, but as far as I know, only the upper part, while the inner sarcophagus and lead coffin containing – perhaps – Edward II’s body have never been disturbed, so we cannot yet know what they contain. Can Rebecca confirm that? I would be interested in any ‘inside information’ that may be gleaned. Kind regards to everyone at the cathedral!

  3. This is interesting. I am a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Just want you to know that we just recently discovered that my family is a direct descendant of King Edward II. In fact we were able to connect our lineage up to Adam and Eve. Sorry if this sounds crazy. If you want to see our entire Family Tree you may reach me at contiwn@gmail.com

  4. Excellent website. Lots of helpful information here.
    I’m sending it to some friends ans additionally sharing
    in delicious. And obviously, thank you on your sweat!

    1. I see Edward IIs Tomb every week at Gloucester Cathedral and the more I look at the floor tiles around the base of the tomb, the more I am convinced that the tomb has been opened at least twice. Once in the 1850’s which is documented in the Cathedral Library, where I am a volunteer and before that, the tomb was opened during the reign of King James II.
      It is my firm belief that when the tomb was opened in the 1650s, it was to place King Edward IIs body into the tomb after it had been taken from Italy.

  5. Dear Ivan,
    How can I get hold of your novel about Edward II? Amazon says it is out of print. I am a writer and a descendent of Edward II (although unfortunately not solely through a female line). I am fascinated by the thought of my great-x-grandfather living out the last of his years in a hermitage in Italy when he had once been king, and I’d love to read your book.
    Best wishes
    Thomas

    1. Hello Neill, and thanks for the query. No, we haven’t carried out any research in the Archives in Avignon, except to look at the catalogue of documents held there to see if there was something relevant. Most of the documents pertaining to the Vatican were taken to Rome when the Papacy returned there later in the 14th century. Do you know of anything that might interest us held in Avignon?

  6. I did not realise most documents had been sent to the Vatican. I live in Dijon and my son near Avignon so i have visited the city several times. I can always give the archives a call to see if they have any documents that date from 1331 which may relate to a visit to Pope John XXII. I will keep you informed!

  7. Hey Ivan
    Wanted to tell you how fascinating the site is, and to thank you for making your knowledge and everyone’s work so widely available. I am undertaking a novel of Edward II and his (potential) existence after 1327. The background on Manuel Fieschi is particular has been very useful and interesting.

    Hope to one day visit Sant Alberto. Keep up the excellent work!

  8. Hi Ivan
    A very fascinating story, thank you for sharing…
    I have lived and worked in England so any subject concerning English History (with castles… and Berkeley castle has certainly interesting stories concerning Edward II…) attracts my attention…
    I am writing you from Genoa (The powerful Fieschi family castles land…) which is not so far from Pavia and Oramala, the place I suppose the name Auramala takes the origin… and if I could be of some help in this project… just let me know.
    All the best, ciao Enrico.

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  10. Hi, Ivan. You and I spoke a couple years ago. I live in San Joaquin County, California, and am the granddaughter of Viona Nunn Hummel. I would like to follow up with you as the DNA test that you were sending never arrived. Looking forward to hearing from you.

  11. Ok as it seems There was an error in posting my original comment I’ll re-write it in summary as it was long:

    I believe the statement in the fieschi letter:

    “he took a ship with his said keeper and with the consent and counsel of the said Thomas, who had received him, crossed into Ireland, where he was for – nine months.

    AFTERWARDS, fearing lest he be recognised there, having taken the habit of a hermit, he came back to England”

    Is a clear hint that Edward remarried and had a legitimate hier. The reason for this is the specification of 9 months i.e. the term of a pregnancy, After which Edward became scared he would be recognised in Ireland and donned the garb of a hermit. The only reason to make such a hint would be if the child was a legitimate candidate to the throne. Edward left, leaving the child and mother behind to protect them, because if he was discovered, any legitimate child would likely be killed.

    My family has a tradition of naming a son Edward and of each father telling the subsequent generation, “we were done-out of Kenilworth castle, we are its rightful heirs.”

    It may be fanciful but I believe this is a reference to the claim that Edward II abdicated the throne in the great hall of Kenilworth castle. I believe the claim to be fraudulent, which would explain why Edward was Imprisoned – he refused to abdicate. This is also why his death was faked when he escaped Berkeley castle.

    For me it is clear spiritual sovereignty was lifted after Edward II, which explains why the monarch began to kill each other over material power – secular sovereignty can be taken by force, spiritual sovereignty cannot. This could be why for such a long period of time the monarchy has lacked the ability to spiritually guide their subjects, lacked exemplary character and morality – not only this they have lost interest in the prophecies of king arthur.

    Just a thought.

    As I said, this is all probably quite fanciful, but I wouldn’t mind having a dna test to see if Edward is in my paternal line – once his dna has been verified with certainty.

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